Brain tumors can be benign or malignant growths in the brain, causing symptoms like headaches, seizures, vision problems, and cognitive changes. Treatment depends on the type, location, and size and may include surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. Neurosurgeons remove tumors while preserving brain function. Early detection improves outcomes, and advanced surgical techniques minimize risks during tumor excision.

Cerebrovascular conditions involve blood vessel disorders in the brain, including aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and strokes. Aneurysms are weakened vessel walls that can rupture, causing hemorrhagic stroke. AVMs are abnormal tangles of arteries and veins disrupting blood flow. Ischemic stroke occurs from blocked arteries. Treatment options include surgical clipping, endovascular coiling, or thrombectomy to restore blood flow and prevent complications.

Spinal neurosurgery treats spine disorders like herniated discs, spinal stenosis, tumors, and injuries. It involves procedures such as discectomy, laminectomy, spinal fusion, or minimally invasive techniques to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent nerve damage. Advanced imaging and microsurgical tools enhance precision and outcomes, allowing patients to recover faster and regain mobility effectively.

Functional and epilepsy neurosurgery treats movement disorders and drug-resistant epilepsy. Procedures include deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease and focal resection or laser ablation to remove or isolate seizure-causing brain areas. Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) monitors and interrupts abnormal electrical activity. These surgeries aim to improve quality of life and reduce symptoms effectively.

General neurosurgery addresses disorders of the brain, spine, and peripheral nerves, including tumors, traumatic injuries, vascular conditions, and degenerative diseases. Procedures range from craniotomies and spinal decompression to minimally invasive techniques. The goal is to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent further neurological damage, using advanced imaging and microsurgical tools for precision and improved outcomes.

Trigeminal neuralgia causes severe, sudden facial pain due to compression of the trigeminal nerve, often by blood vessels. Nerve compression syndromes, like carpal tunnel syndrome, occur when nerves are compressed by surrounding tissues, causing pain, numbness, or weakness. Treatments include medications, nerve blocks, or surgeries such as microvascular decompression or nerve release to relieve pressure and restore function.

Peripheral nerve injury involves damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in affected areas. Common causes include trauma, compression, or medical conditions like diabetes. Treatment options range from physical therapy and medications to surgical repair, such as nerve grafts or transfers, aimed at restoring function, relieving symptoms, and preventing further complications.